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  	  <title><![CDATA[编程之道]]></title>
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	  <pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2008 00:18:01 +0800</pubDate>
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	  	<title><![CDATA[编程之道]]></title>
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  <item>
  	<title><![CDATA[《系统分析师》学习笔记（2）]]></title>	
    <link>http://liucsoft.blog.163.com/blog/static/16229432200882901655643</link>
    <description><![CDATA[<div><P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">下午一知识：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">试题特点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">时间分配：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（必答题）＋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（选题）＋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（选题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）＋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">25min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（选题</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）＋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">10min</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（复看）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">必答题考察基础知识，以考查新技术为主。选答题难度较大，考查综合知识和实际经验。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">解题上注意‘审题’和‘答题’的技巧。、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">‘审题’注意语境和关键字。‘答题’注意简明扼要，突出关键字（如，兼容性、可靠性、扩展性等方面）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">知识点</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">一、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中间件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">定义：</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">处于操作系统和应用程序间的软件，</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分布式环境中实现资源共享（如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">odbc</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">dcom</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一类软件，非一种软件</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在分布式环境中实现互联、及应用间的互操作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo5; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">l<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">垮平台（异构网络、体系结构、数据库）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">中间件、构件、组件、控件的区别</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">二、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应用服务器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">定义：应用服务器看成一种组件服务器，</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将复杂的业务逻辑抽象成计算机系统</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，为</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">N</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">层</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C/S</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的中间层提供服务。（如</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">iis</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"><FONT face="Times New Roman">mts</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: red"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">N</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">层</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C/S</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计算模式下，客户端软件不再直接与数据库服务器进行通讯，而是由应用服务器的中间层软件提供服务。这样，最大限度减少了与数据库的连接数量，并将相应的处理分摊到多台服务器。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">性能</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">负载均衡技术：连接应用服务器，由负载分配器统一分配；另外，基于统计的由权值分配。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">集群：提高服务器容错和负载均衡</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">三、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">Web Service</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SOAP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">及</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">XML</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">Web Service</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">背景及定义：人们开始不满足使用浏览器来使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">internet</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应用，希望能够允许运行于其他系统上的软件直接使用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">internet</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应用，这将会使</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">web</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">应用程序能够提供更丰富的服务。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Web service</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">web</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务）就是实现的技术。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">Web Service</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">关键技术：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">信息的描述语言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">XML</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（特殊作用：信息存储、共享）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">定义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">web service</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的描述语言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">WSDL</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SDK</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">标准，接口定义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">发现</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">web service</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">UDDI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">universal description</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">discovery and integration</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）统一描述、发布、查找、发现、集成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">4)<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">SOAP </SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">简单对象访问协议，作为消息传送标准</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Web Service</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的模型</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务提供者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务注册中心</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务请求者</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Web Service</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的流程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务提供者提交服务</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务请求者查找服务</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务注册中心返回服务</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务提供者与请求者统一语义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务提供者与请求者交互</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SOAP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的客户端和服务器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">客户端是一种创建</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">XML</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文档的本地应用程序。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">服务器是监听</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SOAP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的消息的特殊代码，对</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SOAP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">文档解析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">SOAP</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">＝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">XML+HTTP+RPC<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">能够透过防火墙（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">http</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">四、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">异构数据库</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">体现在：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">计算机体系结构</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">OS</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l15 level2 lfo10; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数据库本身</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">异构数据库实现数据共享应达到：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数据库转化（复制源数据库，转化到目标数据库）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数据的特明访问（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ADO</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">ODBC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">五、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">企业信息集成（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">EAI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">EAI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">通过企业信息整合，利于管理决策</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">集成模型：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">表示集成，保留原有的系统，建立公共的界面</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">数据集成，保留界面和逻辑层，对数据层集成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">功能集成，在业务逻辑层集成，需要改动程序代码；最为复杂</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">六、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">软件架构</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">架构建模，就是如何表示软件架构。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、‘</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">＋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">’</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">视图模型</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">逻辑视图：最终用户，功能需求</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">编程视图：编程人员，软件模块组织</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进程视图：系统集成人员，系统性能和可用性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">物理模型：系统工程人员，系统拓扑安装</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">场景：有机连接</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个视图，是最重要的需求抽象</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">架构风格</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">C2</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">c\s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">层式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">c\s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">b/s</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">CORBA</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">（在分布式应用环境下实现应用软件的集成，使得面向对象的软件在分布、异构下实现重用、可移植和互操作）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">七、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">设计模式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">定义，总结一些面向对象的开发经验，模仿别的软件经过改造，以适应当前的项目</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">组成：模式名称、问题陈诉、解决方案</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">模型－视图－控制器（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">MVC</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">针对界面设计可变性的需求，</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">mvc</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分解为模型－视图－控制器三种构件。其中模型构件独立于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">HMI</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">显示，是软件封装了核心数据和逻辑。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">视图构件是将内容以不同的形式显示</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。控制器构件处理用户与软件的交互操作。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">4、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">MVC</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提倡的原则：内容与显示分离，隔离模型－视图－控制器的构件；好处：具扩展性、代码重用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">八、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">统一开发过程（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RUP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">定义：是一个通用过程框架，以适应不同的需求和场合。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">RUP</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">基于构件的，构件之间定义良好的接口。在准备软件系统前，基于</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman">UML</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特点：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo14; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">用例驱动</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">开发过程流程：定义用例、设计用例、测试用例</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo14; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">以基本架构为中心</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">首先，创建架构大致的轮廓</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">然后，确认用例子集，开始工作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">再次，随着用例的定义成熟，基本架构就清晰了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l4 level2 lfo14; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">迭代式和增量</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">迭代：工作流中的步骤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">增量：产品的成长</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">生命周期</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">初使阶段、细化阶段、构建阶段、提交阶段；子阶段完成后需要技术评审</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">其他资料</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">软件工程分成三层，最底层是软件过程，上一层是软件方法，最高层是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">CASE</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">工具。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> </SPAN></P>
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<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">RUP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">能解决什么</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">提供应如何对整个开发团队的开发活动进行组织的指导</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">综合指导单个开发人员和开发团队</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">规定了开发成果是什么</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">提供监控和衡量一个项目中的产品和活动的标准</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d1cdd3; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 426.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=568>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">简要描述</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">RUP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto">的工作流程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">核心工作流程：业务需求建模、分析设计、实施、测试、部署</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">核心支持工作流程：环境、项目管理、配置和变更管理</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">每个核心工作流程可以分为先启、精化、构建、产品化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">个阶段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">5、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">与其他比较</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">传统的瀑布开发过程的生命周期：需求分析、概要、详细、测试、验收</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
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<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 426.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=568>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">瀑布模型</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">首先确定需求，并接受客户和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">SQA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">小组的验证。然后拟定规格说明，同样通过验证后，进入计划阶段</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">…</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">可以看出，瀑布模型中至关重要的一点是只有当一个阶段的文档已经编制好并获得</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">SQA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">小组的认可才可以进入下一个阶段。这样，瀑布模型通过强制性的要求提供规约文档来确保每个阶段都能很好的完成任务。但是实际上往往难以办到，因为整个的模型几乎都是以文档驱动的，这对于非专业的用户来说是难以阅读和理解的。想象一下，你去买衣服的时候，售货员给你出示的是一本厚厚的服装规格说明，你会有什么样的感触</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #333333"></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d1cdd3; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 426.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=568>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">迭代模式</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">RUP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">认为，所有的阶段（需求及其它）都可以细分为迭代。每一次的迭代都会产生一个可以发布的产品，这个产品是最终产品的一个子集。　迭代和瀑布的最大的差别就在于风险的暴露时间上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">?quot;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">任何项目都会涉及到一定的风险。如果能在生命周期中尽早确保避免了风险，那么您的计划自然会更趋精确。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333"></SPAN></P></TD></TR>
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<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d1cdd3; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 426.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=568>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="BACKGROUND: pink; COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">快速原型模型</SPAN><SPAN style="BACKGROUND: pink; COLOR: #666666; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">瀑布模型的缺点就在于不够直观，快速原型法就解决了这个问题。一般来说，根据客户的需要在很短的时间内解决用户最迫切需要，完成一个可以演示的产品。这个产品只是实现部分的功能（最重要的）。它最重要的目的是为了确定用户的真正需求</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: #333333"></SPAN></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">九、</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">XP</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">与敏捷开发</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">敏捷软件开发宣言</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo15; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个体和交互</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胜过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">过程和工具</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo15; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">可以工作的软件</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胜过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">面面俱到的文档</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo15; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">客户的合作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胜过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">合同谈判</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l1 level2 lfo15; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">响应变化</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胜过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">遵循计划</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list 18.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">XP</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">极限开发</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">核心：沟通、简单、反馈、勇气</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore"><FONT face="Times New Roman">十、</FONT></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">网格计算和普适计算</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">网格计算定义：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">把一个网络系统整合为一台巨大的超级计算机，实现知识资源、存储资源、数据资源、计算资源、信息资源的全面共享</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">普适计算：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">这一概念强调和环境融为一体的计算，而计算机本身则从人们的视线里消失。在普适计算的模式下，人们能够在任何时间、任何地点、以任何方式进行信息的获取与处理。特征：间断连接、轻量计算</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">十一、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">SOA</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">架构</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">定义</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">为了解决在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">Internet</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">环境下业务集成的需要，通过连接能完成特定任务的独立功能实体实现的一种软件系统架构</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SOA</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">三大基本特征和三大角色</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">特征：独立的功能实体、大数据量低频率访问、基于文本的消息传递</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">角色：服务提供者、服务请求者、服务注册中心</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">3、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">架构图</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">4、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">服务层的作用：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">表示层不再直接操作业务对象，而是通过服务去访问它们；业务对象驻留在类库里，由服务将它们加载到内存。此时，服务层和业务层都处在同一流程中，因此对业务对象的操作就变得容易。服务层操作业务对象，如后给出结果，从而减少了层与层间的交互。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">五种服务类型：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">数据访问：允许对不同数据源进行统一访问</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">组件：提供对打包应用服务的访问</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">业务：提供使用一个以上打包应用或定制功能的复杂服务</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">组合：使用以上三种类型的服务来创建包括新功能和现有功能的新服务</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list 21.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">共享的或企业基础架构服务：消息日志之类的低级服务，其重用性使快速创建新的高级服务成为可能</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">5、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">soa</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">对开发和管理带来的好处</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo16; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">soa</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">基于标准、松散耦合、共享服务、粗粒度和联合控制；具有编码灵活性、明确开发人员角色、支持多种客户类型、更易维护和更好的伸缩性</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l17 level2 lfo16; tab-stops: list 42.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">管理员可以直接管理开发人员所构建的相同服务，帮助企业了解何时以及为什么业务逻辑被切实执行了，使管理员能够由针对性的优化业务流程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">6、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">SOA </SPAN></B><B><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">不是<SPAN lang=EN-US>Web</SPAN>服务</SPAN></B><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">与<SPAN lang=EN-US>web </SPAN>服务类似，<SPAN lang=EN-US>xml</SPAN>、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">SOAP</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">、<SPAN lang=EN-US>WSDL</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>UDDI</SPAN>也是<SPAN lang=EN-US>SOA</SPAN>基础的基础部件。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">“Web</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">服务是技术规范，而<SPAN lang=EN-US>SOA</SPAN>是设计原则。特别是<SPAN lang=EN-US>Web</SPAN>服务中的<SPAN lang=EN-US>WSDL</SPAN>，是一个<SPAN lang=EN-US>SOA</SPAN>配套的接口定义标准：这是<SPAN lang=EN-US>Web</SPAN>服务和<SPAN lang=EN-US>SOA</SPAN>的根本联系。<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>从本质上来说，<SPAN lang=EN-US>SOA</SPAN>是一种架构模式，而<SPAN lang=EN-US>Web</SPAN>服务是利用一组标准实现的服务。<SPAN lang=EN-US>Web</SPAN>服务是实现<SPAN lang=EN-US>SOA</SPAN>的方式之一。用<SPAN lang=EN-US>Web</SPAN>服务来实现<SPAN lang=EN-US>SOA</SPAN>的好处是你可以实现一个中立平台，来获得服务，而且随着越来越多的软件商支持越来越多的<SPAN lang=EN-US>Web</SPAN>服务规范，你会取得更好的通用性。<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list 36.0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">7、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">采用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">SOA</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">进行企业现有信息系统集成的步骤：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1) </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">提取各个应用系统中需要对外暴露的功能模块。这些功能模块通常都是一些能够清晰完整地表现其业务价值的软件实体</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">该软件实体包含了它所能提供的所有服务。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2) </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将这些功能模块表现为服务组件的形式。定义服务的描述信息、服务的接口以及调用服务所需要的定位信息等。将软件实体的概念模型转换成实际的服务模型。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3) </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将已实现的服务发布到服务注册器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">供其他服务调用者进行查找和绑定。这个步骤可以视企业集成的具体情况选择使用。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <BR></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4) </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">绑定和调用服务</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">将各个应用系统集成起来</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">, </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">实现企业应用在功能层面的集成</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: -2.57gd; mso-char-indent-count: -2.57; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">十二、数据挖掘<SPAN lang=EN-US></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">支持数据挖掘的基础技术有哪些？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">海量数据收集、强大的多处理器计算机、数据挖掘算法</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">数据仓库是实施数据挖掘的先决条件吗？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">否，很多数据挖掘从操作数据库中挖掘信息。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">3、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">数据挖掘发现的信息有何特征？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">先未知、有效和可实用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">4、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">数据挖掘的主要功能</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">自动预测趋势和行为、关联分析、聚类、时序、偏差检测</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">5、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">数据挖掘的常用技术</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">人工神经网络、决策树、遗传算法、近邻算法、规则推导</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">6、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">数据挖掘的过程</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">确立业务对象－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">数据准备</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">-&gt;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">数据挖掘</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">-&gt;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">结果分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">-&gt;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">知识同化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">7、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">WEB</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">数据挖掘难点何在？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">XML</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">如何解决这个问题？</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR>WEB</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">数据挖掘的最大困难就是数据的半结构化</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">）、异构的数据库环境</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">）、半结构化的数据结构，无特定模型来描述</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">）、解决半结构化数据模型及模型的查询、集成比较困难</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps"><BR>XML</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">可以看做是一种半结构化的数据模型，通过</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps">XML</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; FONT-VARIANT: small-caps; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana">的文档描述与关系数据库中的属性相对应，实施查询和模型抽取。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">十三、关系型数据库和非结构化数据库在</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">internet</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">应用区别</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">RDB</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">只能处理数字、字符；不能处理多媒体等非结构化数据</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">RDB</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">设计之初没有考虑到以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">http</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">为基础、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">html</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">为文档格式的互联网的需求</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">3、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">非结构化数据库支持非结构化的数据类型；</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">4、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">非结构化数据库优势在于检索和查询的速度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">＋四、软件收益率、成本估算</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">收益率：选择符号相异且临近的两个折现率</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">I1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">I2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">，对应的现值</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">FC1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">FC2</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">FIRR</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">＝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">I1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">＋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">FC1/(|FC1|+|FC2|)</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">×（</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">I2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">－</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">I1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">）</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">2、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">成本估算：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 42.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">估算软件的规模：计算代码行数或功能点数</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 42.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">估算软件项目所需的工作量，如小时</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 42.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">估算项目的进度</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l11 level2 lfo20; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 42.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">&sup2;<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">估算项目成本</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">十五、新技术</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 8.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: .84gd; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="BACKGROUND: #d9d9d9; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-shading: white; mso-pattern: gray-15 auto"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">下：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo19; tab-stops: list 39.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">soa</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">理论与应用</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> 2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、嵌入式操作系统选型</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> 3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">CMM</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">ISO</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">比较</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">5、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">数据备份与恢复</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">ADSL</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">网络和</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">VPN</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">关键技术</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">2006</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">上：</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-list: l13 level2 lfo19; tab-stops: list 39.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial"><SPAN style="mso-list: Ignore">1、<SPAN style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">用例获取和分析</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> 2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、工作流</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"> 3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、软件开发方法比较</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">TCP</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">与</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">UDP</SPAN></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0cm -34.65pt 0pt 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-para-margin-top: 0cm; mso-para-margin-right: -3.3gd; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-para-margin-left: 21.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none" align=left><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">、成本</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">/</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">效益</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></SPAN></P></div>]]></description>
	    <author><![CDATA[liucsoft]]></author>
	    <comments>http://liucsoft.blog.163.com/blog/static/16229432200882901655643</comments>
    <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    <guid isPermaLink="true">http://liucsoft.blog.163.com/blog/static/16229432200882901655643</guid>
    <pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2008 00:16:55 +0800</pubDate>
    <dcterms:modified>2008-09-29T00:16:55+08:00</dcterms:modified>
  </item>    
  <item>
  	<title><![CDATA[Windows之外的非主流操作系统Top10]]></title>	
    <link>http://liucsoft.blog.163.com/blog/static/16229432200882901340131</link>
    <description><![CDATA[<div><P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　提起桌面操作系统，可能大多数人想到的名字只有Windows、Linux、Mac OS X这几款，少部分人或许能够想起BSD、Solaris的存在。而实际上，大千世界中能够供我们选择的操作系统绝不止这几种。以下就是针对个人用户的10 款非主流桌面操作系统，实际上还远远不止这些，谁说它们当中就不会出现未来的微软呢?</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　AmigaOS 4.1</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　 <IMG src="http://news.mydrivers.com/img/20080927/S03080935.jpg" border=0></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　AmigaOS本月刚刚发布了4.1版本，实际上它是一款相当老牌的操作系统。该系统仅能运行在PowerPC平台上，ACube公司一直在市场上销售捆绑该操作系统的主板产品。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　类型：商业软件</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　平台：PowerPC</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　网站：<A href="http://www.amiga.com/">http://www.amiga.com/</A></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　Haiku</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　 <IMG src="http://news.mydrivers.com/img/20080927/S03082402.jpg" border=0></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　Haiku是一款开源操作系统，它是为了延续BeOS的生命而出现的。当年的BeOS再被Palm公司收购后停止了开发。随后有了兼容BeOS的OpenBeOS，2004年改名为Haiku。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　类型：开源免费软件</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　平台：x86和PowerPC</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　下载：<A href="http://www.haiku-os.org/">http://www.haiku-os.org/</A></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　ReactOS</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　 <IMG src="http://news.mydrivers.com/img/20080927/S03084663.jpg" border=0></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　ReactOS的名气比较大，经常被称作开源版Windows。该计划开始于1998年，目标就是实现兼容Windows软件，目前已经有不少Windows软件能够在ReactOS中流畅运行。</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　类型：开源免费软件</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　平台：x86</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　下载：<A href="http://www.reactos.org/">http://www.reactos.org/</A></P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　Syllable Desktop</P>
<P style="TEXT-INDENT: 2em">　　 <IMG src="http://news.mydrivers.com/img/20080927/S03090412.jpg" border=0></P>
<P style="TEXT-IND